Sharon, I think there are hundreds of variations to grading. My guiding mission is being fair, strive to measure learning, and be as objective as possible. Rubrics are great, and more thorough ones help both student and instructor define what an appropriate grade is. I shy away from extra credit as this has to do with grades and points, more than the measurement of learning. Personally I feel if material is important to give credit for, it should part of the required curriculum. Barry Westling