Wayne, These are good sentiments. We all want our students to do their best. Yet, when a few students are overtly not trying their best and want to skate by, that's difficult for the hardworking students to take. Over the years, I've become more strict about EC, and pretty much, don't give it. But I do make a few adjustments, like dropping the lowest quiz scores, and a bonus essay on a mid-term or final exam that is not required but counts for as much correct information that is provided. Barry Westling