Andrea, Students get distracted for many reasons, and as you say, it could be one, or the whole class. Your ideas are great. I believe the instructor should be in command of their class. If one or two students need refocusing, I'll usually politely ask for their attention out loud. Then, as I return to the lesson, I'll ask a question about the topic, and give the student verbal praise, such as "perfect!, or exactly! or that's right!" Positive reinforcement of the behavior is effective. If it persists, a chat with the student(s) may be in order. Barry Westling