Thanks, Agnes, for all of your observations and suggestions in the discussion forums. To this post, clarity, as you reference, is crucial. I remember as a "green" instructor, I would give a presentation, or lecture, then ask if there were any questions. Of course, there were none (or few) thus I assumed it was OK to move on. It didn't take long to understand that a lack of questions did not = comprehension. Integrating mini-activites into the lecture, asking questions along the way, having student volunteers paraphrase points in their own words, holding impromptu contests and demonstrations, and reviewing key points in outline fashion all helped with student comprehension and application along the way - it opened up a whole new world of working with the adult learner. Jay Hollowell ED106 Facilitator