Sharon, knowing the material is not always the issue. For some students it is just the pressure of taking the test. One methodology that can be used is to take some time and question your students that do not perform well on the exams. If you ask them questions that shows they know the materials but cannot produce during a test then you may need to take some additional actions to provide assistance. Of course if you talk with them and they simply do not know the material then it is obvious they are not taking the time they need to prepare or in some way they are not getting the information. James Jackson