Actually, government programs are not likely to be the answer. Private industry is the sector that could most effectively do this.
The large "not-for-profit" organization that I am affiliated with is offering free tutoring in math and English for all of its employees. Additionally, they are PAYING individuals to attend their certified nursing assistant program. There is zero tuition.
The huge private postsecondary industry is mostly "for-profit." It is doing a great job. It is creating employed people--taxpayers--here.
We have structural problems in education.
The taxpayers should not be proping up governmental postsecondary educational entities. If they are so good, let them compete on a level financial playing field with the private sector.
In 1992, when I was working on my master's degree in educational administration, the big argument was over vouchers. The public school teachers screamed: "No, we do not need it--we can get the reforms done without it." I have been watching for 20 years. It is not better.
We need a vehicle to allow many of the high school students to simply GED out the door and enter the trade schools (career colleges).
The money that is being wasted in the public schools (especially for grades 11-12) could be used to remediate and vocationally educate young adults. Some people are not ready for college and some are not fit for it at all.
In short, we need structural changes to address both the remediation of essential skills and the need for career education.