I wonder if a lot of the problems that we experience related to student attentiveness stem from not holding students accountable for their own learning. Learning is not a passive activity and education is not something that anyone can deliver to them. The current education model model implies that the right configuration of exercises causes learning and there is a missing part to that equation and that is: the student actively learns inside the exercises. I am beginning to favor a model that mimics a game. One that sets a standard for completion and allows the student to continue to participate until they have mastered that level and only then do they progress. Pay an entry fee and play as long as you need to.