Teachers can motivate their students by 1. knowing the subject, 2. knowing the students, 3. creating a safe learning environment, and 4. transcending the message. We do this by offering expertise, empathy, enthusiasm, and clarity. Clarity means good preparation and organization. We should create opportunities for the students to have mnemonic memory building activities (hands on learning) and tie it back to the episodic theoretical learning. That creates a working memory which translates to students becoming contributers to society rather than merely students learning for nothing.